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Changzhou School of Thought : ウィキペディア英語版 | Changzhou School of Thought Changzhou School of Thought 常州學派, the Changzhou-centered influential school of scholarship of the late Ming (1368-1644) and Qing dynasties (1644-1912). Scholars in this school are best known for their contribution to the New Text Confucianism. == Ming == Tang Shunzhi 唐順之 (1507-1560), the famous Ming mathematician and advocate of the ancient prose style, is considered the precursor of the school, since his work underlined importance of calendaric studies and mathematics in the Han scholarship. Tang's argument for the "concrete studies" (''shixue''), as well as concern about diluting influence of the Buddhist and Daoist teachings on Confucianism of Wang Yangming became an important feature of the Changzhou intellectual framework.〔Elman,81-84.〕 Tang Shunzhi was married to the grandmother of Zhuang Qiyuan (1559-1633), who compiled genealogies of Tangs and Zhuangs and claimed intellectual affinity to his predecessors. Qiyuan was influenced by Catholicism and Diego de Pantoja in particular, praising it as superior to Buddhism.〔Elman, 90-91.〕 Zhuang Qiyuan's sons kept the proclivity for practical knowledge: Zhuang Yinqi (''jinshi'' 1643) reissued a Ming book on children diseases, expanded with his own commentaries; Zhuang Yinghui (''jinshi'' 1628), with help of his brothers and sons, compiled a work on military history, extolling the "Confucian technical expertise".
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